Angular velocity sensor

ABSTRACT

A sensor includes a sensor element, defined in an XY plane, including a first member, a second member having a first portion extending from the first member in a positive Y axis direction, a second portion extending from the first portion in a positive X axis direction and a third portion extending from the second portion in a negative Y axis direction, and a third member having a first section and a second section having a rectangular shape in a top view respectively. The first portion, the second portion and the third portion extend along a periphery of the first section in the top view respectively. The second section is connected to the third portion and extends from the first section in a positive Y axis direction. A length of the second member is larger than a length of the third member in a positive X axis direction.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to angular velocity sensors used in, e.g.portable terminals and automobiles.

BACKGROUND ART

FIG. 11 is a top view of sensor element 101 of a conventional angularvelocity sensor. Sensor element 101 includes support body 102 extendingin a direction of an X axis in an XYZ space, arm 103 having one end 103Aconnected with support body 102, and weight 199 connected to another end103D of arm 103. One end 103A of arm 103 is connected to a side surfaceof support body 102. Arm 103 has a J-shape having corners 103B and 103C.Weight 199 is driven to vibrate in an X-Y plane.

A conventional angular velocity sensor similar to the angular velocitysensor including sensor element 101 is disclosed in, e.g. PatentLiterature 1.

In sensor element 101, it may be difficult to improve a detectionsensitivity of angular velocity about a Z axis.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

PTL1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2008-46058

SUMMARY

A sensor includes a sensor element defined in an XY plane having an Xaxis and a Y axis that is orthogonal to the X axis. The sensor elementincludes a first member, a second member consisting of a first portionextending from the first member in a positive direction of the Y axis, asecond portion extending from the first portion in a positive directionof the X axis and a third portion extending from the second portion in anegative direction of the Y axis, and a third member consisting of afirst section and a second section having a rectangular shape in a topview respectively. The first portion, the second portion and the thirdportion extend along a periphery of the first section in the top viewrespectively. The second section is connected to the third portion andextends from the first section in a positive direction of the Y axis. Alength of the second member is larger than a length of the third memberin a positive direction of the X axis.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a top view of a sensor element of an angular velocity sensoraccording to Exemplary Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the sensor element along line 2-2shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a top view of the sensor element according to Embodiment 1 forillustrating driving vibration and detection vibration of the sensorelement.

FIG. 4 is a top view of a sensor element of an angular velocity sensoraccording to Exemplary Embodiment 2.

FIG. 5 is a top view of the sensor element according to Embodiment 2 forillustrating driving vibration of the sensor element.

FIG. 6 is a top view of a sensor element of an angular velocity sensoraccording to Exemplary Embodiment 3.

FIG. 7 is a top view of another sensor element of another angularvelocity sensor according to Embodiment 3.

FIG. 8 is a top view of a sensor element of an angular velocity sensoraccording to Exemplary Embodiment 4.

FIG. 9 is a top view of another sensor element of the angular velocitysensor according to Embodiment 4.

FIG. 10 is a top view of still another sensor element of the angularvelocity sensor according to Embodiment 4.

FIG. 11 is a top view of a sensor element of a conventional angularvelocity sensor.

DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Exemplary Embodiment 1

FIG. 1 is a top view of sensor element 1 of an angular velocity sensoraccording to Exemplary Embodiment 1. In FIG. 1, an X axis, a Y axis anda Z axis orthogonal to one another are defined. The angular velocitysensor includes sensor element 1 for detecting an angular velocity aboutthe Z axis. Sensor element 1 has a shape defined in an XYZ space. Sensorelement 1 includes support body 8 extending in a direction of the Xaxis, arm 3 having end 3A connected with a side surface of support body8, and weight 4 connected with end 3D of arm 3 opposite to end 3A of arm3. Arm 3 has substantially a J-shape including corners 3B and 3C. LengthW1 of arm 3 in the direction of the X axis is larger than length W2 ofweight 4 in the direction of the X axis.

The angular velocity sensor according to Embodiment 1 can improve asensitivity of detecting an angular velocity about the Z axis of sensorelement 1 since a resonance frequency of driving vibration of sensorelement 1 can be close to a resonance frequency of detection vibrationof the angular velocity about the Z axis.

In conventional sensor element 101 shown in FIG. 11, length W101 of arm103 in the direction of the X axis is smaller than length W102 of weight199 in the direction of the X axis. The inventors found that it isdifficult in this case to improve the sensitivity of detecting angularvelocity about the Z axis of sensor element 101 since a resonancefrequency of driving vibration of sensor element 101 is much differentfrom a resonance frequency of detection vibration when the angularvelocity about the Z axis is applied to sensor element 101.

The structure of sensor element 1 of the angular velocity sensoraccording to Embodiment 1 will be detailed below.

Support body 8 is a fixing member that supports sensor element 1.Support body 8 is fixed to a package for storing sensor element 1 with,e.g. another supporting member of adhesive.

Arm 3 extends from end 3A connected with a side surface of support body8 to end 3D connected with weight 4. To be more specific, arm 3 hassubstantially a J-shape including arm portion 3E extending in a positivedirection Y1 of the Y axis from end 3A to corner 3B, arm portion 3Fextending in a positive direction X1 of the X axis from corner 3B tocorner 3C, and arm portion 3G extending in a negative direction Y2 ofthe Y axis from corner 3C to end 3D. Arm 3 and weight 4 can be driven tovibrate in an X-Y plane including the X axis and the Y axis, and canwarp in the direction of the Z axis.

Support body 8, arm 3 and weight 4 may be made of a piezoelectricmaterial, such as crystal, LiTaO₃, or LiNbO₃, or a non-piezoelectricmaterial, such as silicon, diamond, fused quartz, alumina, or GaAs. Inthe case that they are made of silicon, in particular, sensor element 1may have a very small size by a micromachining technique, and can beintegrated with an IC that composes peripheral circuits.

Support body 8, arm 3, and weight 4 may be formed individually withdifferent materials or a material of the same kind so that they can beassembled together afterward. Alternatively, they may be made unitarilyof a single material. Sensor element 1 can be manufactured efficientlyif support body 8, arm 3, and weight 4 are made unitary of a singlematerial since they can be formed by a single process, such as dryetching or wet etching.

Each of two driving parts 5 is located on respective one of an innerside and an outer side of the J-shape of arm 3. Arm 3 and weight 4 canvibrate in the X-Y plane by applying voltages having opposite phases totwo driving parts 5. According to Embodiment 1, driving parts 5 are of apiezoelectric type utilizing piezoelectric material, such as leadzirconate titanate (PZT), but may be of an electrostatic methodutilizing an electrostatic capacitance between electrodes.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of sensor element 1 along line 2-2shown in FIG. 1, and depicts driving parts 5. Each of driving parts 5includes lower electrode 11A disposed on arm 3, piezoelectric element11B disposed on lower electrode 11A, and upper electrode 11C disposed onpiezoelectric element 11B, thus allowing piezoelectric element 11B to besandwiched between lower electrode 11A and upper electrode 11C. Lowerelectrodes 11A and upper electrodes 11C may be made of any of platinum(Pt), gold (Au), aluminum (Al), and an alloy or an oxide containingmainly any of the above materials. Lower electrodes 11A may bepreferably made of platinum (Pt) so that the PZT can be oriented intoone direction. A reference potential is applied to lower electrodes 11A.Arm 3 can vibrate in the X-Y plane by applying an alternating-current(AC) driving voltages having opposite phases to upper electrodes 11C.Alternatively, the AC driving voltages may be applied to both lowerelectrodes 11A and upper electrodes 11C instead of applying thereference potential to lower electrodes 11A. This enables arm 3 andweight 4 to vibrate with larger amplitude, and improves the drivingefficiency.

Each of two sensing parts 6 is located on arm portion 3F at respectiveone of an inner side and an outer side of the J-shape of arm 3. Sensingparts 6 detect vibration of weight 4 by sensing a deformation producedwhen an angular velocity is applied to arm 3. Sensing part 6 is of apiezoelectric type utilizing piezoelectric elements, but may be of anelectrostatic type utilizing an electrostatic capacitance betweenelectrodes. In the case that sensing part 6 is of the piezoelectric typeutilizing piezoelectric elements, the piezoelectric element can beformed into a structure similar to that of driving parts 5 in which thepiezoelectric element is sandwiched between a lower electrode and anupper electrode.

An operation of the angular velocity sensor according to Embodiment 1will be described below.

FIG. 3 is a top view of sensor element 1 for illustrating drivingvibration and detection vibration of sensor element 1. When an ACvoltage having a resonance frequency of the driving vibration is appliedto driving parts 5 from an external drive circuit, arm 3 and weight 4are driven to vibrate along direction D1 of driving vibration in the X-Yplane. When an angular velocity about the Z axis is applied in thisvibrating state, the angular velocity produces a Coriolis force in adirection orthogonal to the direction D1 of the driving vibration. TheCoriolis force produces a detection vibration on weight 4 in thedirection D2 in synchronization with the driving vibration. The angularvelocity is hence detected by allowing sensing parts 6 to detect adistortion of arm 3 caused by the detection vibration as a deformationof arm 3.

The resonance frequency of the detection vibration in the direction D2of detection vibration may be preferably close to the resonancefrequency of the driving vibration in the direction D1 of drivingvibration. Since the detection vibration generated due to the angularvelocity is synchronized with the driving vibration, the resonancefrequency of the detection vibration close to the resonance frequency ofthe driving vibration increases a large amount of the detectionvibration accordingly.

It is generally difficult to make a resonance frequency of the drivingvibration close to a resonance frequency of the detection vibrationsince the direction D1 of the driving vibration is different from thedirection D2 of the detection vibration, as shown in FIG. 3. Forexample, if a resonance frequency of driving vibration of conventionalsensor element 101 shown in FIG. 11 is designed to be about 40 kHz, aresonance frequency of the detection vibration becomes about 65 kHz, sothat these resonance frequencies separate apart from each other by 25kHz. This decreases the sensibility of conventional sensor element 101to angular velocity about the Z axis.

In sensor element 1 according to Embodiment 1, length W1 of arm 3 in thedirection of the X axis is larger than length W2 of the weight in thedirection of the X axis, as shown in FIG. 1. This structure decreasesthe rigidity of a portion of arm 3 at corner 3C. Since a stress islikely to concentrate into corner 3C during resonance of detectionvibration when the angular velocity about the Z axis is applied, thisstructure lowers the resonance frequency of the detection vibration dueto such a small rigidity at corner 3C when the angular velocity aboutthe Z axis is applied. In sensor element 1 according to Embodiment 1,the resonance frequency of the detection vibration can be designed toabout 45 kHz against the resonance frequency of 40 kHz of the drivingvibration, thereby reducing a difference in the resonance frequencies by5 kHz. As a result, the sensor can have a sensibility to angularvelocity around the Z axis five times more than conventional sensorelement 1.

Width WF of arm portion 3F in the direction of the Y axis is preferablysmaller than width WE of arm portion 3E in the direction of the X axis,as shown in FIG. 1. This configuration can make the resonance frequencyof the driving vibration close to the resonance frequency of thedetection vibration since it decreases the rigidity around corner 3C. Inaddition, width WG of arm portion 3G in the direction of the X axis maybe smaller than width WF of arm portion 3F in the direction of the Yaxis. Those configuration makes the resonance frequency of the drivingvibration close to the resonance frequency of the detection vibrationsince this also decreases the rigidity around corner 3C. Furthermore, aradius of curvature of an inner circumference of corner 3B may be largerthan a radius of curvature of an inner circumference of corner 3C. Thisconfiguration also makes the resonance frequency of the drivingvibration close to the resonance frequency of the detection vibrationsince this can also decrease the rigidity around corner 3C. Although anyof these configurations provides an effect even when used individually,they can make the resonance frequency of the driving vibration close tothe resonance frequency of the detection vibration if combined together,thereby further increasing the sensibility to the angular velocity aboutthe Z axis.

The distortion tends to concentrate on arm portion 3E when arm 3 andweight 4 are driven to vibrate in the direction D1 of driving vibrationshown in FIG. 3. Therefore, the driving efficiency can be improved bydisposing driving parts 5 to arm portion 3E.

Similarly, the distortion tends to concentrate on arm portion 3F whenarm 3 and weight 4 vibrate in the direction D2 of detection vibrationshown in FIG. 3. Therefore, the detection efficiency can be improved bydisposing sensing parts 6 to arm portion 3F.

End 3D of arm 3 is connected with substantially the center of weight 4in the direction of the Y axis.

In addition, end 3D of arm 3 is connected with an end of weight 4 in thepositive direction X1 of the X axis. This structure can reduce the sizeof sensor element 1 since weight 4 can be fitted in the J-shape of arm3.

Exemplary Embodiment 2

FIG. 4 is a top view of sensor element 10 of an angular velocity sensoraccording to Exemplary Embodiment 2. In FIG. 4, components identical tothose of sensor element 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are denoted by the samereference numerals.

The angular velocity sensor according to Embodiment 2 includes sensorelement 10 for detecting an angular velocity. Sensor element 10 includestwo longitudinal beams 7 extending in a direction of a Y axis, supportbody 8 constituting a lateral beam extending in a direction of X axis,vibrating units 9A and 9B located in positive direction Y1 of the Y axisfrom support body 8, and vibrating units 9C and 9D located in negativedirection Y2 of the Y axis from support body 8. Each of two ends 8A and8B of support body 8 is connected with respective one of substantiallycenter portions of two longitudinal beams 7.

Vibrating unit 9B includes arm 3 connected with a side surface ofsupport body 8 and weight 4 connected with end 3D of arm 3, similarly tosensor element 1 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.Similarly to Embodiment 1, the length of arm 3 in the direction of the Xaxis is larger than the length of weight 4 in the direction of the Xaxis. Vibrating unit 9A includes arm 53 connected with support body 8and weight 54 connected with arm 53. Vibrating unit 9C includes arm 63connected with support body 8 and weight 64 connected with arm 63.Vibrating unit 9D includes arm 73 connected with support body 8 andweight 74 connected with arm 73. Arms 53, 63, and 73 have shapes similarto arm 3 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1. Arms 3, 53, 63, and73 are connected with middle portion 8C located at the center of supportbody 8. Weights 54, 64, and 74 have shapes similar to weight 4 accordingto Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1.

That is, arm 53 has end 53A connected with middle portion 8C of supportbody 8, and has end 53D opposite to end 53A. Weight 54 is connected withend 53D of arm 53. Arm 53 has substantially s J-shape including armportion 53E extending in positive direction Y1 of the Y axis from end53A to corner 53B, arm portion 53F extending in negative direction X2 ofthe X axis from corner 53B to corner 53C, and arm portion 53G extendingin negative direction Y2 of the Y axis from corner 53C to end 53D. Thelength of arm 53 in the direction of the X axis is larger than thelength of weight 54 in the direction of the X axis. The width of armportion 53F in the direction of the Y axis is smaller than the width ofarm portion 53E in the direction of the X axis. The width of arm portion53G in the direction of the X axis is smaller than the width of armportion 53F in the direction of the Y axis. A radius of curvature of aninner circumference of corner 53B is larger than a radius of curvatureof an inner circumference of corner 53C.

Similarly, arm 63 has end 63A connected with middle portion 8C ofsupport body 8 and has end 63D opposite to end 63A. Weight 64 isconnected with end 63D of arm 63. Arm 63 has substantially a J-shapeincluding arm portion 63E extending in negative direction Y2 of the Yaxis from end 63A to corner 63B, arm portion 63F extending in negativedirection X2 of the X axis from corner 63B to corner 63C, and armportion 63G extending in positive direction Y1 of the Y axis from corner63C to end 63D. The length of arm 63 in the direction of the X axis islarger than the length of weight 64 in the direction of the X axis. Thewidth of arm portion 63F in the direction of the Y axis is smaller thanthe width of arm portion 63E in the direction of the X axis. The widthof arm portion 63G in the direction of the X axis is smaller than thewidth of arm portion 63F in the direction of the Y axis. A radius ofcurvature of an inner circumference of corner 63B is larger than aradius of curvature of an inner circumference of corner 63C.

Similarly, arm 73 has end 73A connected with middle portion 8C ofsupport body 8 and has end 73D opposite to end 73A. Weight 74 isconnected with end 73D of arm 73. Arm 73 has substantially a J-shapeincluding arm portion 73E extending in negative direction Y2 of the Yaxis from end 73A to corner 73B, arm portion 73F extending in positivedirection X1 of the X axis from corner 73B to corner 73C, and armportion 73G extending in positive direction Y1 of the Y axis from corner73C to end 73D. The length of arm 73 in the direction of the X axis islarger than the length of weight 74 in the direction of the X axis. Thewidth of arm portion 73F in the direction of the Y axis is smaller thanthe width of arm portion 73E in the direction of the X axis. The widthof arm portion 73G in the direction of the X axis is smaller than thewidth of arm portion 73F in the direction of the Y axis. A radius ofcurvature of an inner circumference of corner 73B is larger than aradius of curvature of an inner circumference of corner 73C.

End 3D of arm 3 is connected with a substantial center of weight withina width of weight 4 in the direction of the Y axis. Similarly, each ofarms 53, 63, and 73 is connected with respective one of substantialcenters of weights 54, 64, and 74 in the direction of the Y axis.

Driving part 55 and sensing part 56 are disposed to arm portion 53E andarm portion 53F of arm 53, respectively, similarly to driving parts 5and sensing parts 6 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.Driving parts 55 drive arm 53 to vibrate arm 53 and weight 54 in an X-Yplane. Sensing parts 56 detect vibration of weight 54 by sensing thevibration of arm 53. Driving part 65 and Sensing part 66 are disposed toarm portion 63E and arm portion 63F of arm 63, respectively, similarlyto driving parts 5 and sensing parts 6 according to Embodiment 1 shownin FIGS. 1 and 2. Driving parts 65 drive arm 63 to vibrate arm 63 andweight 64 in the X-Y plane. Sensing parts 66 detect vibration of weight64 by sensing the vibration of arm 63. Driving part 75 and sensing part76 are disposed to arm portion 73E and arm portion 73F of arm 73,respectively, similarly to driving parts 5 and sensing parts 6 accordingto Embodiment 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Driving parts 75 drive arm 73 tovibrate arm 73 and weight 74 in the X-Y plane. Sensing parts 76 detectvibration of weight 74 by sensing the vibration of arm 73.

Four vibrating units 9A, 9B, 9C and 9D are symmetrical to each otherwith respect to the X axis and the Y axis. In other words, vibratingunit 9A is symmetrical to vibrating unit 9B with respect to center axisAY that extends in parallel to the Y axis and through middle portion 8Cof support body 8. Vibrating unit 9C is symmetrical to vibrating unit 9with respect to center axis AY. In addition, vibrating unit 9A issymmetrical to vibrating unit 9C with respect to center axis AX thatextends in parallel to the X axis and through middle portion 8C ofsupport body 8. Vibrating unit 9B is symmetrical to vibrating unit 9Dwith respect to center axis AX.

Two longitudinal beams 7 are fixing members that support sensor element10, and they are fixed to a package storing sensor element 10 with, e.g.another supporting member or adhesive. Sensor element 10 may include twolateral beams 57 each of which is connected with respective one of endsof two longitudinal beams 7, as shown in FIG. 4. Two longitudinal beams7 and two lateral beams 57 constitute a fixing member having a frameshape.

Arms 3 and 73 are connected with ends of weights 4 and 74 in positivedirection X1 of the X axis, respectively. Arms 53 and 63 are connectedwith ends of weights 54 and 64 in negative direction X2 of the X axis,respectively. This structure provides sensor element 10 with a smallsize since weights 4, 54, 64, and 74 can be fitted within the J-shapesof arms 3, 53, 63, and 73, respectively. This structure can reduce thesize of the frame shape composed of two longitudinal beams 7 and twolateral beams 57.

Support body 8 connecting longitudinal beams 7 with vibrating units 9Ato 9D is preferably connected between center parts of longitudinal beams7 in consideration of the symmetry. Longitudinal beams 7 and supportbody 8, upon being formed unitarily, can be manufactured efficientlywith the same material as vibrating units 9A to 9D similarly toEmbodiment 1.

FIG. 5 is a top view of sensor element 10 for illustrating drivingvibration of sensor element 10. In vibrating units 9A to 9D of sensorelement 10, an AC signal applied to each of driving parts 5, 55, 65, and75 drives arms 3, 53, 63, and 73 to vibrate in the directions D1 ofdriving vibration, thereby vibrating weights 4, 54, 64, and 74 indirection D1 of driving vibration in the X-Y plane. Vibrations of fourvibrating units 9A to 9D in the X-Y plane cancel each other, as shown inFIG. 5, so as to reduce a level of vibration that leaks out of sensorelement 10. Theoretically, the leakage vibration can be eliminatedcompletely by designing vibrating units 9A to 9D, longitudinal beams 7,and support body 8, in particular, such that they are symmetrical withrespect to center axes AX and AY. This configuration can prevent sensingparts 6 from picking up undesired signals from, in addition to avoidinga decrease in the Q value of driving vibration attributable to theleakage vibration.

As discussed above, sensor element 10 including four vibrating units 9Ato 9D provides an angular velocity sensor having a high drivingefficiency and high accuracy as it is less likely to pick up undesiredsignals since it can avoid a decrease in the Q value of vibration.

Exemplary Embodiment 3

FIG. 6 is a top view of sensor element 110 of an angular velocity sensoraccording to Exemplary Embodiment 3. In FIG. 6, components identical tothose of sensor element 1 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1 aredenoted by the same reference numerals.

In sensor element 1 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1, end 3D ofarm 3 is connected with a substantial center of a width of weight 4 inthe direction of the Y axis.

In sensor element 110 according to Embodiment 3 shown in FIG. 6, end 3Dof arm 3 is connected with an end of weight 4 in negative direction Y2of the Y axis. This configuration can increase a length of arm portion3G extending in the direction of the Y axis from corner 3C to end 3D tolonger than a half of a width of weight 4 in the direction of the Yaxis. This configuration can make a resonance frequency of drivingvibration close to a resonance frequency of detection vibration, therebyincreasing amplitude of detection vibration, and improving thesensibility of the angular velocity sensor to an angular velocity aboutthe Z axis.

FIG. 7 is a top view of another sensor element 210 of the angularvelocity sensor according to Embodiment 3. In FIG. 7, componentsidentical to those of sensor element 110 shown in FIG. 6 are denoted bythe same reference numerals. Sensor element 210 shown in FIG. 7 includesdriving parts 185, 285, 385, and 485, sensing parts 186, 286, and 486instead of driving parts 5 and sensing parts 6 of sensor element 110shown in FIG. 6, and further includes monitoring part 386. Driving parts185, 285, 385, and 485, sensing parts 186, 286, and 486, and monitoringpart 386 have structures similar to driving parts 5 according toEmbodiment 1 shown in FIG. 2.

Driving parts 185 and 285 extend along arm 3 from the vicinity of end 3Aup to arm portion 3F through arm portion 3E and beyond corner 3B of arm3. Driving part 185 is disposed to an outer side of the J-shape of arm3. Driving part 285 is located inner than driving part 185 along theJ-shape. Sensing parts 186 and 286 extend along arm 3 from the vicinityof end 3D up to arm portion 3F through arm portion 3G and beyond corner3C of arm 3. Sensing part 186 is disposed to an outer side of theJ-shape of arm 3. Sensing part 286 is located inner than sensing part186 along the J-shape.

Driving parts 385 and 485 are disposed to arm portion 3F along armportion 3F. Driving part 385 is disposed to an outer side of the J-shapeof arm 3. Driving part 485 is located inner than driving part 385 alongthe J-shape. Monitoring part 386 and sensing part 486 are disposed toarm portion 3F along arm portion 3F. Monitoring part 386 is disposed toan outer side of the J-shape of arm 3. Sensing part 486 is located innerthan monitoring part 386 along the J-shape. Driving part 385 andmonitoring part 386 are located between driving part 185 and sensingpart 186, while driving part 485 and sensing part 486 are locatedbetween driving part 285 and sensing part 286. Monitoring part 386 islocated between driving part 185 and driving part 385, while sensingpart 486 is located between driving part 285 and driving part 485.

Driving parts 185, 285, 385 and 485 operate similarly to driving parts 5shown in FIG. 1. Sensing parts 186, 286 and 486 operates similarly tosensing parts 6 shown in FIG. 1. Monitoring part 386 outputs a signalsynchronized with driving vibration of weight 4. A drive circuitcontrols an AC voltage applied to driving parts 185, 285, 385, and 485according to the signal so that weight 4 is driven to vibrate withconstant amplitude at a constant frequency. Sensor element 210 canstably detect an angular velocity about the Z axis sensibly.

Exemplary Embodiment 4

FIG. 8 is a top view of sensor element 310 of an angular velocity sensoraccording to Exemplary Embodiment 4. In FIG. 8, components identical tothose of sensor element 10 according to Embodiment 2 shown in FIG. 4 aredenoted by the same reference numerals.

Sensor element 310 shown in FIG. 8 includes weights 104, 154, 164, and174 instead of weights 4, 54, 64, and 74 of sensor element 10 accordingto Embodiment 2 shown in FIG. 4. Weights 104, 154, 164, and 174 areconnected with ends 3D, 53D, 63D, and 73D of arms 3, 53, 63, and 73 atcenter parts in a direction of the X axis of weights 104, 154, 164 and174, respectively. Length W1 of arm 3 (53, 63, 73) in the direction ofthe X axis is larger than length W102 of weight 104 (154, 164, 174) inthe direction of the X axis.

Arms 53, 3, 63, and 73 and weights 154, 104, 164, and 174 constitutevibrating units 109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D, respectively. Four vibratingunits 109A, 109B, 109C, and 109D are symmetrical to each other withrespect to the X axis and the Y axis. In other words, vibrating unit109A is symmetrical to vibrating unit 109B with respect to center axisAY that extends in parallel to the Y axis and through middle portion 8Cof support body 8. Vibrating unit 109C is symmetrical to vibrating unit109D with respect to center axis AY. Vibrating unit 109A is symmetricalto vibrating unit 109C with respect to center axis AX that extends inparallel to the X axis and through middle portion 8C of support body 8.Vibrating unit 109B is symmetrical to vibrating unit 109D with respectto center axis AX.

Sensor element 310 has a similar effect as the sensor element accordingto Embodiment 2 in sensibility to an angular velocity about the Z axis.

FIG. 9 is a top view of sensor element 410 of another angular velocitysensor according to Embodiment 4. In FIG. 9, components identical tothose of sensor element 10 according to Embodiment 2 shown in FIG. 4 aredenoted by the same reference numerals.

Sensor element 410 shown in FIG. 9 includes support body 208 instead ofsupport body 8 of sensor element 10 shown in FIG. 4, and does notinclude two longitudinal beams 7 and two lateral beams 57 of sensorelement 10 shown in FIG. 4. Sensor element 10 shown in FIG. 4 issupported by the fixing member having the frame shape constituted by twolongitudinal beams 7 and two lateral beams 57. Sensor element 410 shownin FIG. 9 is supported by support body 208 which is supported with afixing member. Arms 3, 53, 63, and 73 are connected to middle portion208C of support body 208. The width of support body 208 shown in FIG. 9in the direction of the Y axis is larger than that of support body 8shown in FIG. 4. This structure securely supports sensor element 410including four arms 3, 53, 63, and 73, and four weights 4, 54, 64, and74.

FIG. 10 is a top view of sensor element 510 of a further angularvelocity sensor according to Embodiment 4. In FIG. 10, componentsidentical to those of sensor element 10 according to Embodiment 2 shownin FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In sensor element 10 shown in FIG. 4, ends 3A, 53A, 63A and 73A of arms3, 53, 63 and 73 are connected with middle portion 8C of support body 8.In sensor element 510 shown in FIG. 10, ends 53A and 63A of arms 53 and63 are connected with end portion 8A of support body 8 connected withlongitudinal beam 7, and ends 3A and 73A of arms 3 and 73 are connectedto end portion 8B of support body 8 connected with longitudinal beam 7.

In sensor element 510 shown in FIG. 10, the J-shapes of arms 3, 53, 63and 73 are inverted forms of those of sensor element 10 shown in FIG. 4.In other words, arm 53 has substantially a J-shape including arm portion53E extending in positive direction Y1 of the Y axis from end 53A tocorner 53B, arm portion 53F extending in positive direction X1 of the Xaxis from corner 53B to corner 53C, and arm portion 53G extending innegative direction Y2 of the Y axis from corner 53C to end 53D. Arm 3has substantially a J-shape including arm portion 3E extending inpositive direction Y1 of the Y axis from end 3A to corner 3B, armportion 3F extending in negative direction X2 of the X axis from corner3B to corner 3C, and arm portion 3G extending in negative direction Y2of the Y axis from corner 3C to end 3D. Arm 63 has substantially aJ-shape including arm portion 63E extending in negative direction Y2 ofthe Y axis from end 63A to corner 63B, arm portion 63F extending inpositive direction X1 of the X axis from corner 63B to corner 63C, andarm portion 63G extending in positive direction Y1 of the Y axis fromcorner 63C to end 63D. Arm 73 has substantially a J-shape including armportion 73E extending in negative direction Y2 of the Y axis from end73A to corner 73B, arm portion 73F extending in negative direction X2 ofthe X axis from corner 73B to corner 73C, and arm portion 73G extendingin positive direction Y1 of the Y axis from corner 73C to end 73D.

In vibrating units 9A to 9D of sensor element 510, an AC signal appliedto the driving parts drives and vibrates arms 3, 53, 63 and 73 in thedirections D301 of driving vibration, and vibrates weights 4, 54, 64,and 74 in directions D301 of driving vibration in the X-Y plane.Vibrations of four vibrating units 9A to 9D cancel each other in the X-Yplane, as shown in FIG. 10, to reduce a level of vibration that leaksout of sensor element 510. Theoretically, the leakage vibration can beeliminated completely by designing vibrating units 9A to 9D,longitudinal beams 7 and support body 8, in particular, such that theyare symmetrical with respect to center axes AX and AY. Thisconfiguration can prevent the sensing parts from picking up undesiredsignals, in addition to avoiding a decrease in the Q value of drivingvibration attributable to the leakage vibration.

As discussed above, sensor element 510 shown in FIG. 10 can provide anangular velocity sensor with a high driving efficiency and high accuracyas it is less likely to pick up undesired signals since it can avoid adecrease in the Q value of vibration, similarly to sensor element 10shown in FIG. 4.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

An angular velocity sensor according to the present invention can detectangular velocities sensibly and is applicable to a wide range of usesfrom a portable terminal to vehicle control.

REFERENCE MARKS IN THE DRAWINGS

-   1 Sensor Element-   3 Arm (First Arm)-   3A End (First End)-   3B Corner (First Corner)-   3C Corner (Second Corner)-   3D End (Second End)-   3E Arm Portion (First Arm Portion)-   3F Arm Portion (Second Arm Portion)-   3G Arm Portion (Third Arm Portion)-   4 Weight (First Weight)-   5 Driving Part (First Driving Part)-   6 Sensing Part (First Sensing Part)-   7 Longitudinal Beam (First Longitudinal Beam, Second Longitudinal    Beam)-   8 Support Body-   9A Vibrating Unit (Second Vibrating Unit)-   9B Vibrating Unit (First Vibrating Unit)-   9C Vibrating Unit (Fourth Vibrating Unit)-   9D Vibrating Unit (Third Vibrating Unit)-   53 Arm (Second Arm)-   53A End (Third End)-   53B Corner (Third Corner)-   53C Corner (Fourth Corner)-   53D End (Fourth End)-   53E Arm Portion (Fourth Arm Portion)-   53F Arm Portion (Fifth Arm Portion)-   53G Arm Portion (Sixth Arm Portion)-   54 Weight (Second Weight)-   55 Driving Part (Second Driving Part)-   56 Sensing Part (Second Sensing Part)-   63 Arm (Fourth Arm)-   63A End (Seventh End)-   63B Corner (Seventh Corner)-   63C Corner (Eighth Corner)-   63D End (Eighth End)-   63E Arm Portion (Tenth Arm Portion)-   63F Arm Portion (Eleventh Arm Portion)-   63G Arm Portion (Twelfth Arm Portion)-   64 Weight (Fourth Weight)-   65 Driving Part (Fourth Driving Part)-   66 Sensing Part (Fourth Sensing Part)-   73 Arm (Third Arm)-   73A End (Fifth End)-   73B Corner (Fifth Corner)-   73C Corner (Sixth Corner)-   73D End (Sixth End)-   73E Arm Portion (Seventh Arm Portion)-   73F Arm Portion (Eighth Arm Portion)-   73G Arm Portion (Ninth Arm Portion)-   74 Weight (Third Weight)-   75 Driving Part (Third Driving Part)-   76 Sensing Part (Third Sensing Part)-   Ax Center Axis (Second Center Axis)-   Ay Center Axis (First Center Axis)

The invention claimed is:
 1. A sensor comprising: a sensor elementdefined in an XY plane having an X axis and a Y axis that is orthogonalto the X axis, wherein the sensor element including: a first member, asecond member consisting of a first portion extending from the firstmember in a positive direction of the Y axis, a second portion extendingfrom the first portion in a positive direction of the X axis and a thirdportion extending from the second portion in a negative direction of theY axis, and a third member consisting of a first section and a secondsection which has a rectangular shape in a top view, wherein the firstportion, the second portion and the third portion extend along aperiphery of the first section in the top view respectively, wherein thesecond section is connected to the third portion and extends from thefirst section in the positive direction of the Y axis, wherein a widthof the second portion along the Y axis is smaller than a width of thefirst portion along the X axis, and is broader than a width of the thirdportion along the X axis, and wherein a length of the second memberalong the X axis is larger than a length of the third member along the Xaxis.
 2. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein an end of the thirdportion is connected substantially at an outer end of the third memberin the positive direction of the X axis.
 3. The sensor according toclaim 1, wherein an end of the third portion is connected substantiallyat a center of the third member along the Y axis.
 4. The sensoraccording to claim 1, wherein the first member extends along a peripheryof the first section and the second section in the top view.
 5. Thesensor according to claim 1, wherein the sensor element further includesa fourth member connected to the first member, and wherein the fourthmember surrounds the first member, the second member and the thirdmember.
 6. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the sensor elementfurther includes a fourth member connected to the first member, andsurrounding the first member, the second member and the third member,wherein the first member has two opposite ends, and wherein each of thetwo opposite ends are connected to an inner side of the fourth member.7. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the X axis and the Y axispass at a center of the first member and the sensor element issymmetrically with respect to the X axis and the Y axis.
 8. A sensorcomprising: a sensor element defined in an XY plane having an X axis anda Y axis that is orthogonal to the X axis, wherein the sensor elementincluding: a first member, a second member consisting of a first portionextending from the first member in a positive direction of the Y axis, asecond portion extending from the first portion in a positive directionof the X axis and a third portion extending from the second portion in anegative direction of the Y axis, and a third member connected to thethird portion, wherein the first portion, the second portion and thethird portion extend along a periphery of the third member in a top viewrespectively, wherein the third member has six sides in the top view andhas a rectangular section extending in the positive direction of the Yaxis, wherein a width of the second portion along the Y axis is smallerthan a width of the first portion along the X axis, and is broader thana width of the third portion along the X axis, and wherein therectangular section is connected to the third portion.
 9. The sensoraccording to claim 8, wherein a length of the second member along the Xaxis is larger than a length of the third member along the X axis. 10.The sensor according to claim 8, wherein an end of the third portion isconnected substantially at an outer end of the third member in thepositive direction of the X axis.
 11. The sensor according to claim 8,wherein an end of the third portion is connected substantially at acenter of the third member along the Y axis.
 12. The sensor according toclaim 8, wherein the first member extends along a periphery of therectangular section in the top view.
 13. The sensor according to claim8, wherein the sensor element further includes a fourth member connectedto the first member, and surrounding the first member, the second memberand the third member.
 14. The sensor according to claim 8, wherein thesensor element further includes a fourth member connected to the firstmember, and surrounding the first member, the second member and thethird member, wherein the first member has two opposite ends, andwherein each of the two opposite ends are connected to an inner side ofthe fourth member.
 15. The sensor according to claim 8, wherein the Xaxis and the Y axis pass at a center of the first member and the sensorelement is symmetrically with respect to the X axis and the Y axis. 16.A sensor comprising: a sensor element defined in an XY plane having an Xaxis and a Y axis that is orthogonal to the X axis, wherein the sensorelement including: a first member, a second member consisting of a firstportion extending from the first member in a positive direction of the Yaxis, a second portion extending from the first portion in a positivedirection of the X axis and a third portion extending from the secondportion in a negative direction of the Y axis, and a third memberconnected to the third portion, wherein the first portion, the secondportion and the third portion extend along a periphery of the thirdmember in a top view respectively, wherein a width of the second portionalong the Y axis is smaller than a width of the first portion along theX axis, and is broader than a width of the third portion along the Xaxis, and wherein a length of the second member is larger than a lengthof the third member in the positive direction of the X axis.
 17. Thesensor according to claim 16, wherein an end of the third portion isconnected substantially at an outer end of the third member in thepositive direction of the X axis.
 18. The sensor according to claim 16,wherein an end of the third portion is connected substantially at acenter of the third member along the Y axis.
 19. The sensor according toclaim 16, wherein the sensor element further includes a fourth memberconnected to the first member, and surrounding the first member, thesecond member and the third member.
 20. The sensor according to claim16, wherein the sensor element further includes a fourth memberconnected to the first member, and surrounding the first member, thesecond member and the third member, wherein the first member has twoopposite ends, and wherein each of the two opposite ends are connectedto an inner side of the fourth member.
 21. The sensor according to claim16, wherein the X axis and the Y axis pass at a center of the firstmember and the sensor element is symmetrically with respect to the Xaxis and the Y axis.